Agriculture, Farming & Land Tenancy (Muzara'ah)

INTENSITY MARKERS:
[M] = Fard / Wajib (Obligatory — must do) | [1] = Sunnah Mu'akkadah / Highly Recommended | [2] = Sunnah / Recommended | [3] = Mustahab / Virtuous / Commendable | [H] = Haram (Forbidden — must not do) | [h] = Makruh (Discouraged — should not do) | [P] = Mubah (Permissible — neutral)

✅ What to Do

[1]Cultivate land and plant trees — a Muslim who plants earns ongoing charity. (Bukhari 2320)

[2]Enter sharecropping agreements — give land to someone to farm in exchange for a share. (Bukhari 2340)

[2]Pay the land tax and agricultural zakat (ushr: 10% or 5% if irrigated) (Bukhari 1483)

[2]Be fair in dividing produce between landowner and farmer.

🚫 What Not to Do

What to Do ↑ As You Wish ↓

[h]Lease land for a fixed amount of produce (muzara'ah with gharar) — different views.

[h]Waste or neglect agricultural land.

[h]Use land for prohibited purposes.

⭐ As You Wish

What to Do ↑ What Not to Do ↑

— Choose sharecropping or fixed rental depending on what is fair (scholars differ).

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