[1]Give to parents, spouse, children as per fixed shares.
[1]He is Allah besides whom there is no god, Knower of the unseen and the witnessed — Recite last three verses of Al-Hashr daily (Quran 59:22-24; Tirmidhi 2922) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5 AH) after the expulsion of the Jewish tribe Banu al-Nadir from their fortresses. The surah glorifies Allah for granting the Muslims victory without battle and establishes the distribution of spoils (fay') from surrendered property. The hypocrites who secretly supported Banu al-Nadir are exposed. Revealed in Medina describing Allah by His most beautiful names: He is Allah besides whom there is no god, the Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Peace, the Giver of Faith, the Guardian, the Almighty, the Compeller, the Supreme.]
[1]Indeed We sent down the Reminder and We will preserve it — Recite and preserve the Quran diligently (Quran 15:9; Bukhari 5019) [bg:Revealed in Mecca promising Allah's protection of the Quran: 'Indeed We have sent down the Reminder and indeed We will preserve it' (15:9). Revealed when the Quraysh mocked the Prophet and claimed the Quran would be lost like previous scriptures. The surah recounts the destruction of previous nations who rejected their messengers. Revealed in the Meccan period when the Quraysh accused the Prophet of fabricating the Quran and claimed it could be corrupted like previous scriptures.]
[1]Learn the 3 categories: Ashab al-Furud (fixed-share heirs), Asabah (residuary), Dhawil Arham (distant kin).
[2]Consult a knowledgeable person for complex inheritance cases.
[3]Call upon your Lord humbly and privately — Call upon Allah with humility and in private (Quran 7:55; Bukhari 6336) [bg:Revealed in Mecca calling the Quraysh to follow the revelation and warning them of destruction like previous nations ('Ad, Thamud, Lut). The story of Musa and Pharaoh is the central narrative, revealed to strengthen the Prophet's heart. The ayah 'Take what is given freely and enjoin what is good' (7:199) is a Meccan command of noble character. Revealed in late Meccan period teaching the proper manners of supplication (du'a) — humbly and privately, not with loud voices or ostentation. The pagan Arabs would call upon their idols loudly and arrogantly; the ayah redirects sincere calling to Allah alone with humility and in a low voice, rooted in the certainty that Allah hears and is near.]
[3]Woe to every slanderer and backbiter — Avoid gossip and negative speech for mental well-being (Quran 104:1) [bg:Revealed in Mecca condemning the slanderer and backbiter (al-humazah al-lumazah). The surah was revealed regarding some Quraysh leaders like al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah and Umayyah ibn Khalaf who mocked Muslims behind their backs. The warning: wealth amassed in arrogance will not save them from the crushing Fire (al-Hutamah). Revealed in the early Meccan period condemning the slanderer and backbiter — referring specifically to some Quraysh leaders who would mock the Prophet and the Believers behind their backs. The ayah uses the name 'Humazah' (one who defames by speech) and 'Lumazah' (one who defames by action) to describe those who spread malicious gossip.]
[M]Distribute inheritance according to Shariah — do not change shares.
[M]Practice self-accountability before final accounting (Quran 69:19-29) [bg:Revealed in Mecca asserting the certainty of the Day of Judgment (al-Haqqah — the Reality). The surah describes the destruction of 'Ad, Thamud, Pharaoh, and the people of Lut as precedents of divine punishment. The Quran is declared as the word of a noble messenger, not poetry or soothsaying. Revealed in Mecca describing Judgment Day when every person receives their book (record of deeds). The righteous receive it in their right hand rejoicing, while the wicked receive it in their left hand behind their back, crying: 'I wish I had never been given my account and never known what my account was!' This establishes the practice of self-accountability (muhasabah) before the final accounting — reviewing one's deeds daily before being reviewed by Allah.]
[M]Say: O disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship — Declare disavowal of false worship clearly (Quran 109:1-6 ()) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh leaders proposed a compromise: worship their gods for a year, and they would worship Allah for a year. The surah was the definitive rejection: 'Say: O disbelievers, I do not worship what you worship... To you your religion, and to me my religion.' This establishes the principle of religious boundaries without compromise. Revealed in the early Meccan period when the Quraysh leaders (including al-Walid ibn al-Mughirah, al-'As ibn Wa'il, and Umayyah ibn Khalaf) proposed a compromise to the Prophet: worship their gods for a year, and they would worship his God for a year. This surah was revealed as the definitive rejection of any religious compromise: 'For you is your religion, and for me is my religion.]
[M]The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months — Make abundant du'a on Laylat al-Qadr (Quran 97:3-5; Tirmidhi 3513) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power) when the Quran was first revealed. The surah was revealed when the Prophet mentioned a man from Banu Isra'il who fought for a thousand months, and the companions were amazed. The night is better than a thousand months — a night of divine decree, peace, and angelic descent. Revealed in Mecca describing Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power) which is better than a thousand months. The ayah says: 'The angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend therein by the permission of their Lord for every matter. Peace it is until the break of dawn.' This was revealed when the Prophet mentioned a man from Banu Isra'il who fought for a thousand months, and the companions were amazed.]