Photography, Art & Image-Making (Taswir)

INTENSITY MARKERS:
[M] = Fard / Wajib (Obligatory — must do) | [1] = Sunnah Mu'akkadah / Highly Recommended | [2] = Sunnah / Recommended | [3] = Mustahab / Virtuous / Commendable | [H] = Haram (Forbidden — must not do) | [h] = Makruh (Discouraged — should not do) | [P] = Mubah (Permissible — neutral)

✅ What to Do

[1]Avoid making images of animate beings with complete facial features.

[2]Keep images of animate beings covered or in low places if unavoidable.

[2]Use image-making for necessity: ID photos, passports, medical imaging, security cameras.

[2]Know that the most severely punished on Judgment Day are image-makers. (Bukhari 5957)

[2]Tear or erase images of animate beings when you see them.

🚫 What Not to Do

What to Do ↑ As You Wish ↓

[H]Draw, paint, sculpt, or create images of animate beings intended to be displayed. (Bukhari 5957)

[h]Keep images of animate beings hanging on walls — angels do not enter homes with them. (Bukhari 3226)

[h]Make or display statues of animate beings.

[h]Photograph living beings and display ostentatiously — scholars differ on photography.

⭐ As You Wish

What to Do ↑ What Not to Do ↑

— Photography (most scholars today permit it for necessity, ID, and recording, but avoid displaying).

— Drawing landscapes, inanimate objects, and abstract art is permissible.

— 2D images on screens may have different rulings from physical statues.

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