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Ramadan Fasting

INTENSITY MARKERS:
[M] = Fard / Wajib (Obligatory — must do)  |  [1] = Sunnah Mu'akkadah / Highly Recommended  |  [2] = Sunnah / Recommended  |  [3] = Mustahab / Virtuous / Commendable  |  [H] = Haram (Forbidden — must not do)  |  [h] = Makruh (Discouraged — should not do)  |  [P] = Mubah (Permissible — neutral)

✅ What to Do

(extra):
[1]Break with odd number of dates and water.
[1]Eat suhoor — it is blessed, even if just water. (Bukhari 1923)
[1]Give iftar to fasting people — same reward without diminishing theirs. (Tirmidhi 807)
[1]Increase Qur'an, charity, prayers, and good deeds.
[1]Make Umrah in Ramadan — equals Hajj in reward. (Bukhari 1863)
[1]Make du'a at iftar: "Dhahaba al-zama'u..." (Abu Dawud 2357)
[1]Pray Tarawih. (Bukhari 37)
[1]Seek Laylatul Qadr in last 10 odd nights. (Bukhari 2017)
[1]Seek Laylatul Qadr on the odd nights of the last 10. (Bukhari 2017)
[2]Delay suhoor, hasten to break fast. (Bukhari 1957)
[2]Perform I'tikaf in the last 10 days. (Bukhari 2025)
[2]Perform Itikaf in last 10 days — it is a sunnah mu'akkadah. (Bukhari 2025)
[2]Recite the du'a of Laylatul Qadr. (Tirmidhi 3513)
[2]Recite the entire Qur'an at least once in Ramadan. (Bukhari 4614)
[2]Say the du'a of Laylatul Qadr: "Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun tuhibbul 'afwa fa'fu 'anni." (Tirmidhi 3513)
[3]Be steadfast as you are commanded — Be steadfast (Istiqamah) on the straight path (Quran 11:112; Muslim 38) [bg:Revealed in Mecca after Surah Yunus, strengthening the Prophet through the detailed stories of Nuh, Hud, Salih, Ibrahim, Lut, Shu'ayb, and Musa. When this surah was revealed, the Prophet said: 'Surah Hud has made me gray-haired' because of its severe warnings. Commands istiqamah (steadfastness) on the straight path. Revealed in the Meccan period after the Prophet had been facing relentless opposition and mockery from the Quraysh.]
[3]Be steadfast in faith even under persecution (Quran 85:4-9; Muslim 3008) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of the People of the Ditch (Ashab al-Ukhdud) — the believers who were burned alive by the Jewish king Dhu Nawas of Yemen (523 CE) for refusing to renounce their faith. Revealed to console the persecuted Muslims in Mecca, showing that steadfastness in faith is the path to Paradise. Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of the People of the Ditch (Ashab al-Ukhdud) — the believers who were thrown into a trench of fire by a tyrant king (Dhu Nawas of Yemen, a Jewish king who persecuted Christians in Najran in 523 CE) because they refused to renounce their faith.]
[3]When you meet an enemy, stand firm — Be steadfast and remember Allah in difficulty (Quran 8:45; Bukhari 2791) [bg:Revealed after the Battle of Badr (2 AH) regarding the division of war spoils (anfal) among the Muslims — the first major military confrontation between the Muslims and Quraysh. Addresses obedience in battle, unity, and the ethics of warfare. The ayah 'And if they incline to peace, then incline to it' (8:61) was revealed after the Quraysh sought peace following Badr. Revealed in Medina in 2 AH as part of the instructions for the Battle of Badr. This was the first major battle against the Quraysh, and the Muslims were outnumbered three-to-one.]
[3]Worship Allah alone and seek His forgiveness (Quran 11:3; Bukhari 630) [bg:Revealed in Mecca after Surah Yunus, strengthening the Prophet through the detailed stories of Nuh, Hud, Salih, Ibrahim, Lut, Shu'ayb, and Musa. When this surah was revealed, the Prophet said: 'Surah Hud has made me gray-haired' because of its severe warnings. Commands istiqamah (steadfastness) on the straight path. Revealed in Mecca calling the Quraysh to seek forgiveness from Allah and repent to Him, promising enjoyment until an appointed term (life) and extra favor (blessings). It establishes the principle that istighfar (seeking forgiveness) and tawbah (repentance) bring worldly blessings and spiritual success.]
[M]Fast from dawn to sunset every day of Ramadan with intention the night before.
[M]We sent it down on the Night of Decree — Seek Laylat al-Qadr in the last 10 nights of Ramadan (Quran 97:1-5; Bukhari 2027) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Power) when the Quran was first revealed. The surah was revealed when the Prophet mentioned a man from Banu Isra'il who fought for a thousand months, and the companions were amazed. The night is better than a thousand months — a night of divine decree, peace, and angelic descent. Revealed in the early Meccan period describing the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr) when the Quran was first revealed. The angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend during that night with every decree, and it is peace until dawn.]

🚫 What Not to Do

What to Do ↑ As You Wish ↓
(extra):
[H]Eat, drink, or have marital relations during fasting hours intentionally.
[H]Why do you say what you do not do? — Say what you do not do (Quran 61:2-3; Bukhari 4766) [bg:Revealed in Medina (after the Battle of Uhud, 3 AH) commanding the Believers to support Allah's religion as the disciples supported Jesus. The surah rebukes those who say what they do not do — revealed regarding some Muslims who claimed they longed for martyrdom but fled at Uhud. The believers are commanded to strive in Allah's cause. Revealed in Medina around 3-4 AH after the Battle of Uhud when some Muslims had claimed they would fight but then fled, and others had said they would be steadfast but then broke their word. The ayah asks: 'O you who believe, why do you say what you do not do?' — declaring that it is most hateful before Allah to say what you do not do.]
[h]Be steadfast as you are commanded — Transgress beyond limits (Quran 11:112; Bukhari 3865) [bg:Revealed in Mecca after Surah Yunus, strengthening the Prophet through the detailed stories of Nuh, Hud, Salih, Ibrahim, Lut, Shu'ayb, and Musa. When this surah was revealed, the Prophet said: 'Surah Hud has made me gray-haired' because of its severe warnings. Commands istiqamah (steadfastness) on the straight path. Revealed in the Meccan period after the Prophet had been facing relentless opposition and mockery from the Quraysh.]
[h]Delay making up missed fasts without excuse until next Ramadan.
[h]Eat so much at iftar that you cannot pray properly.
[h]Fast on the two Eids (forbidden).
[h]Indeed, man transgresses when he sees himself self-sufficient — Transgress and become arrogant thinking you are self-sufficient (Quran 96:6-7) [bg:THE FIRST REVELATION — revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power, Ramadan, 610 CE. The angel Jibril commanded: 'Read (Iqra!) in the name of your Lord who created — created man from a clot.' The first five verses were the beginning of prophethood. After a pause, the command to arise and warn was revealed. Revealed in the early Meccan period warning that man becomes rebellious and arrogant when he thinks he is self-sufficient (istaghna). This was the second revelation, addressing the root cause of Quraysh opposition: their wealth and social status made them feel independent of Allah.]
[h]Oversleep and miss Fajr or waste the blessed day.
[h]Spend excessive time cooking, shopping, or watching TV instead of worship.
[h]Those who persecute believing men and women then do not repent — Persecute believers for their faith (Quran 85:10) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of the People of the Ditch (Ashab al-Ukhdud) — the believers who were burned alive by the Jewish king Dhu Nawas of Yemen (523 CE) for refusing to renounce their faith. Revealed to console the persecuted Muslims in Mecca, showing that steadfastness in faith is the path to Paradise. Revealed in the Meccan period declaring that those who persecute (or burn) believing men and women and do not repent will have the punishment of Hell and the punishment of burning. This was revealed as a warning to the Quraysh persecutors and as a reference to the story of the People of the Ditch (Ashab al-Ukhdud) — the believing community that was burned alive for their faith by a Jewish king in Yemen.]
[h]Use foul language, argue, backbite. (Bukhari 1904)

⭐ As You Wish

What to Do ↑ What Not to Do ↑
[P]By the clear Book — Observe Laylat al-Qadr in Ramadan (Quran 44:2-6; Bukhari 1917) [bg:Revealed in Mecca swearing by the clear Book that was sent down on a blessed night (Laylat al-Qadr). The surah warns the Quraysh of a day when the sky will bring visible smoke (dukhan) — a severe famine that struck them before the conquest. The story of Musa and Pharaoh is presented as a parallel to the Prophet's mission. Revealed in Mecca swearing by the clear Book (the Quran) that was sent down on a blessed night (Laylat al-Mubarakah — Laylat al-Qadr).]
[P]Learn from historical stories of past nations (Quran 11:100-102; Bukhari 3406) [bg:Revealed in Mecca after Surah Yunus, strengthening the Prophet through the detailed stories of Nuh, Hud, Salih, Ibrahim, Lut, Shu'ayb, and Musa. When this surah was revealed, the Prophet said: 'Surah Hud has made me gray-haired' because of its severe warnings. Commands istiqamah (steadfastness) on the straight path. Revealed in Mecca recounting the stories of destroyed nations (Hud, Salih, Shu'ayb, Lut, and the people of Noah).]
[P]Read in the name of your Lord who created — Pursue education and literacy for all (Quran 96:1-5) [bg:THE FIRST REVELATION — revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power, Ramadan, 610 CE. The angel Jibril commanded: 'Read (Iqra!) in the name of your Lord who created — created man from a clot.' The first five verses were the beginning of prophethood. After a pause, the command to arise and warn was revealed. Revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power (Ramadan) in 610 CE — the very first revelation of the Quran. The angel Jibril commanded the Prophet: 'Read (Iqra!) — in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clinging clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know.' This was the beginning of the prophetic mission.]
[P]Read in the name of your Lord who created — Read (Iqra) — seek knowledge as the first command (Quran 96:1-5 ()) [bg:THE FIRST REVELATION — revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power, Ramadan, 610 CE. The angel Jibril commanded: 'Read (Iqra!) in the name of your Lord who created — created man from a clot.' The first five verses were the beginning of prophethood. After a pause, the command to arise and warn was revealed. Revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power (Ramadan) in 610 CE — the very first revelation of the Quran. The angel Jibril commanded the Prophet: 'Read (Iqra!) — in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clinging clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know.' This was the beginning of the prophetic mission.]
[P]Study constellations (Buruj) and celestial navigation (Quran 85:1) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of the People of the Ditch (Ashab al-Ukhdud) — the believers who were burned alive by the Jewish king Dhu Nawas of Yemen (523 CE) for refusing to renounce their faith. Revealed to console the persecuted Muslims in Mecca, showing that steadfastness in faith is the path to Paradise. Revealed in Mecca: 'By the sky containing great stars (al-sama'i dhat al-buruj).' The term buruj refers to the constellations — the twelve zodiacal constellations in the celestial sphere.]
— Whether to perform I'tikaf for all 10 nights or fewer.
— Whether to pray Tarawih with 8, 11, 13, or 20 rak'ah (different valid practices).

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