[1]Allah does not forbid you from those who did not fight you in religion — Treat non-hostile disbelievers with kindness (Quran 60:8; Bukhari 3168) [bg:Revealed in Medina (8 AH) after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and before the Conquest of Makkah, concerning relations with those who oppose the Muslims. The surah was revealed when Hatib ibn Abi Balta'ah sent a letter to the Quraysh warning them of the planned Muslim attack on Makkah. Establishes loyalty boundaries and justice toward peaceful non-Muslims. Revealed in Medina around 8 AH establishing the rule for kind treatment of non-Muslims who are not hostile: 'Allah does not forbid you from being kind and just to those who have not fought you in religion nor expelled you from your homes.' This was revealed when Asma' bint Abi Bakr asked the Prophet whether she could maintain relations with her polytheist mother who came to visit her in Medina.]
[1]Maintain family ties (silat ar-rahim).
[1]Provide for them when in need.
[1]Serve them in old age — Paradise under mother's feet.
[1]Speak gently, never say "uff."
[2]Maintain ties with their friends after their death.
[3]Give thanks to Allah for His blessings (Quran 27:19; Bukhari 6071) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on the stories of Sulayman (Solomon) and the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), and the prophet Salih with Thamud. The surah opens with the Quran as 'good news for the believers' and emphasizes that no one can guide except Allah. The story of Bilqis demonstrates the superiority of divine guidance over worldly power. Revealed in Mecca through the story of Prophet Sulayman (Solomon) who, upon understanding the speech of ants, smiled and said: 'My Lord, inspire me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents, and to do righteousness of which You approve.' The ayah establishes shukr (gratitude) to Allah for all blessings as a prophetic practice, and that gratitude should be expressed both verbally and through righteous action.]
[3]Seek forgiveness for yourself and believing parents (Quran 71:28) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of Prophet Nuh (Noah) who called his people for 950 years. The surah consoles the Prophet who faced rejection from the Quraysh, showing that even Nuh — despite his long mission — had only a few believers. Nuh's supplication against the disbelievers and for the Believers is presented as a model. Revealed in Mecca through the supplication of Nuh: 'My Lord, forgive me and my parents and whoever enters my house a believer and the believing men and believing women.' This establishes that seeking forgiveness (istighfar) for oneself, one's parents, and all Believers — living and dead — is a prophetic practice and a means of receiving divine mercy.]
[3]Trust in Allah's plan even in difficulty (Quran 28:13; Bukhari 3393) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of Musa from birth to prophethood to exodus. Called al-Qasas (the Stories) because it narrates the story of Musa in greater detail. Revealed when the Quraysh asked the Prophet about the history of Musa and Pharaoh. The surah ends with the Prophet's migration to Medina being foretold. Revealed in Mecca through the story of Musa's mother when Allah returned him to her after he was found by Pharaoh's family.]
[M]Make du'a: "Rabbirhamhuma kama rabbayani sagheera."
[M]Obey parents in all that is not sinful.
[M]We have enjoined on man kindness to his parents — Be kind and dutiful to parents, especially mother (Quran 46:15; Bukhari 5972) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of the Prophet Hud and the people of 'Ad in al-Ahqaf (the Sandy Hills). The surah opens declaring the revelation of the Book from the Almighty, the Wise. Revealed when some jinn heard the Quran and believed. The destruction of 'Ad serves as a warning to the Quraysh who rejected the Prophet. Revealed in the late Meccan period commanding the Believer to be good to parents, with special mention of the mother's hardship in pregnancy and weaning.]