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The Five Obligatory Prayers

INTENSITY MARKERS:
[M] = Fard / Wajib (Obligatory — must do) | [1] = Sunnah Mu'akkadah / Highly Recommended | [2] = Sunnah / Recommended | [3] = Mustahab / Virtuous / Commendable | [H] = Haram (Forbidden — must not do) | [h] = Makruh (Discouraged — should not do) | [P] = Mubah (Permissible — neutral)

✅ What to Do

(extra):

Maghrib (3), Isha (4).

[1]All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds — Recite Al-Fatihah aloud in Fajr, Maghrib, Isha (Quran 1:1-7; Bukhari 762) [bg:The first complete surah revealed; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) obligatory in every rak'ah. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and al-Sab' al-Mathani (the Seven Oft-Repeated) because it encapsulates the entire Quranic message: praise of Allah, worship, guidance, and supplication. First surah revealed in its entirety; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) in Makkah, obligatory in every rak'ah from the beginning of Islam. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) because it encapsulates the entire message of the Quran: praise, lordship, mercy, sovereignty, worship, and guidance.]

[1]All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds — Say 'Ameen' after reciting Al-Fatihah (Quran 1:1-7; Bukhari 780) [bg:The first complete surah revealed; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) obligatory in every rak'ah. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and al-Sab' al-Mathani (the Seven Oft-Repeated) because it encapsulates the entire Quranic message: praise of Allah, worship, guidance, and supplication. First surah revealed in its entirety; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) in Makkah, obligatory in every rak'ah from the beginning of Islam. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) because it encapsulates the entire message of the Quran: praise, lordship, mercy, sovereignty, worship, and guidance.]

[1]Be humble in prayer (khushu') (Quran 23:1-2; Muslim 538) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing the qualities of the successful Believers: khushu' in prayer, avoidance of idle talk, payment of zakah, guarding private parts, and keeping trusts. The surah was revealed to console the persecuted Believers by describing the Paradise that awaits them and the punishment that awaits the rejecters. Revealed in Mecca opening the surah: 'Successful indeed are the Believers — those who are humble (khashi'un) in their prayer.' This was revealed when the Quraysh mocked the Muslims' devotion in prayer, particularly their humility and concentration.]

[1]Establish khushu' — pray as if you see Allah. (Bukhari 6602)

[1]Establish prayer from noon to night and dawn recitation — Read Quran at Fajr — it is witnessed (Quran 17:78; Bukhari 735) [bg:Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in Meccan period establishing the five daily prayer times: establish prayer from the declining of the sun (zuhr and asr) until the darkness of the night (maghrib and isha), and the dawn recitation (fajr).]

[1]Know that the first thing asked about on Judgment Day is the prayer. (Tirmidhi 413)

[1]Make du'a during sujood — the closest a servant is to his Lord. (Muslim 482)

[1]Make qunut in Witr prayer during the last third of Ramadan. (Tirmidhi 464)

[1]Pray 2 sunnah rak'ah before Fajr — better than the world. (Muslim 725)

[1]Pray in congregation at the mosque for men — 27 times more reward. (Bukhari 646)

[1]Pray the 4 sunnah before Dhuhr and 2 after. (Bukhari 618)

[1]Recite Ayat al-Kursi (2:255) after every fard prayer (Quran 2:255; Bukhari 1208) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in Medina (1-2 AH). When the Prophet asked Ubayy ibn Ka'b about the greatest ayah in the Quran, he recited Ayat al-Kursi. The Prophet confirmed it and said it was brought down from the Treasury of the Throne. The ayah describes Allah's absolute sovereignty (al-Hayy al-Qayyum), His all-encompassing knowledge, and His preserved Throne (Kursi) encompassing the heavens and earth. After every fard prayer, recitation provides spiritual protection until the next prayer.]

[1]Recite Quran regularly — it is a reminder (Quran 20:2-3; Bukhari 5026) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on the story of Musa (Moses) as a consolation and inspiration for the Prophet during the difficult years of persecution. The surah begins with 'Ta-Ha' — the Prophet was so exhausted by night prayer that his feet swelled, and the surah was revealed to console him. The story of Musa's confrontation with Pharaoh parallels the Prophet's struggle with the Quraysh. Revealed in Mecca declaring: 'We have not sent down the Quran to you to cause you distress, but as a reminder for those who fear.' This was revealed when the Quraysh accused the Prophet of inventing the Quran himself, causing him emotional strain. The Prophet would spend long nights in worship until his feet swelled. This ayah consoled him, establishing that the Quran is a mercy and reminder, not a burden, and that regular recitation with reflection (tadabbur) is the path to spiritual growth.]

[1]Recite Surah Al-Sajdah and Al-Insan in Fajr on Friday. (Bukhari 891)

[1]Recite the Quran with measured recitation — Recite Quran with measured, melodious tone (Tartil) (Quran 73:4) [bg:The third surah revealed (after al-Alaq and al-Qalam). Revealed in Mecca commanding the Prophet to stand in night prayer (tahajjud). When the command to pray half the night was found difficult for the community, the concluding verses were revealed later in Medina, reducing the obligation. The command to recite the Quran with slow measured recitation (tartil) was established. Revealed in the early Meccan period commanding the Prophet to recite the Quran with tartil — slow, measured, and beautiful recitation. The Quraysh would recite poetry quickly, but the Quran requires deliberate, thoughtful recitation that allows for reflection and understanding of each verse.]

[1]Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He created — Recite Al-Mu'awwidhat (Al-Falaq & An-Nas) daily (Quran 113:1-5; Bukhari 5017) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam. The surah commands seeking refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark night, sorcerers who blow on knots, and the envious eye. Together with al-Nas, these are the mu'awwidhatayn (the two protectors). Revealed in the early Meccan period (or some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam, a Jewish man who cast a spell on the Prophet by tying eleven knots in a string. The Prophet was commanded to seek refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark of night, those who blow on knots (sorcerers), and the envious eye. This surah was revealed as a protection prayer against all forms of spiritual harm.]

[1]Stand the night in prayer except a little — half or a little less — Stand in night prayer (Qiyam al-Layl / Tahajjud) (Quran 73:2-4; Bukhari 1130) [bg:The third surah revealed (after al-Alaq and al-Qalam). Revealed in Mecca commanding the Prophet to stand in night prayer (tahajjud). When the command to pray half the night was found difficult for the community, the concluding verses were revealed later in Medina, reducing the obligation. The command to recite the Quran with slow measured recitation (tartil) was established. Revealed in the early Meccan period (before the obligation of the five daily prayers, possibly in the first year of revelation) commanding the Prophet who was wrapped in his garments to stand in prayer at night — except a little of it — and recite the Quran with measured recitation (tartil). This was the initial obligation of night prayer (tahajjud), later abrogated to voluntary status.]

[1]The servants of the Most Merciful walk on earth humbly — Worship Allah at night (Tahajjud) (Quran 25:63-64; Muslim 1163) [bg:Revealed in Mecca refuting the Quraysh's objections: why wasn't the Quran revealed all at once? why wasn't an angel sent with Muhammad? The surah, named al-Furqan (the Criterion), emphasizes the Quran as the standard distinguishing truth from falsehood. The final section describes the true servants of the Most Merciful ('Ibad al-Rahman). Revealed in Mecca describing the servants of the Most Merciful ('Ibad al-Rahman): 'Those who walk upon the earth with dignity (hawnan) and when the ignorant address them, they say 'Salam' — and those who spend the night prostrating and standing for their Lord.' This was revealed when the Quraysh nobles mocked the humble Believers.]

[1]Those who respond to their Lord, establish prayer, and conduct affairs by consultation — Conduct affairs by mutual consultation (Shura) (Quran 42:38; Bukhari 7145) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some ayahs Medinan) establishing that Allah has revealed the same faith to all prophets: 'He has ordained for you the same religion which He enjoined upon Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, and Jesus.' The surah emphasizes mutual consultation (shura) as a characteristic of the Believers and promises forgiveness for those who forgive others. Revealed in the late Meccan period describing the qualities of those who respond to their Lord, establish prayer, and conduct their affairs through mutual consultation (shura).]

[2]Make du'a using Prophet Ibrahim's supplications (Quran 14:35-41; Bukhari 3361) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on Prophet Ibrahim's supplication for Makkah and his descendants. The surah calls the Quraysh to recognize Allah's blessings and warns that those who replace gratitude with disbelief will face destruction. Named after Ibrahim whose dua for Makkah's security connects the Prophet's mission to the patriarch of monotheism. Revealed in Mecca recounting the supplication of Prophet Ibrahim when he settled his wife Hajar and infant son Isma'il in the barren valley of Makkah: 'Our Lord, I have settled some of my offspring in an uncultivable valley near Your Sacred House.' The Prophet was commanded to follow Ibrahim's example in making dua for the security of his family and community, and for steadfastness in prayer.]

[2]Pray in the first row — it is the best row for men, last row for women. (Muslim 440)

[2]Recite Ayat al-Kursi after every prayer. (Nasai 9925)

[2]Recite surahs after Al-Fatiha in each rak'ah.

[2]Say "SubhanAllah" 33x, "Alhamdulillah" 33x, "Allahu Akbar" 33x after each prayer. (Muslim 597)

[2]Straighten the rows before prayer — the angels send blessings. (Abu Dawud 668)

[3]Allah has heard the statement of the woman who argued with you about her husband — Seek forgiveness and make expiation for broken oaths (Quran 58:1-4; Muslim 1499) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the practice of zihar (a form of divorce where a husband said 'You are to me like my mother's back'). The woman Khuwaylah bint Tha'labah complained to the Prophet, and Allah responded from above the seven heavens. The surah also prohibits secret counsel for sin and commands charity before private consultation with the Prophet. Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) regarding Khuwaylah bint Tha'labah who was divorced by her husband Aws ibn al-Samit through the zihar formula ('You are to me like my mother's back'). She complained to the Prophet who was initially unsure. The ayah was revealed from above seven heavens — when Aisha said: 'Blessed is the One whose hearing encompasses all things. I heard Khuwaylah arguing with the Prophet.' The ayah forbids zihar and prescribes expiation: freeing a slave, then fasting two months, then feeding 60 poor people.]

[3]Develop patience and emotional regulation (Quran 70:19-21) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh demanded the punishment they were warned about. The surah describes the Day of Judgment in vivid detail and contrasts human impatience with divine justice. The Believers are described as those who guard their prayers, give charity, and believe in the Day of Recompense. Revealed in Mecca: 'Indeed humanity was created anxious (halu'an) — when evil touches him, impatient (jazu'an), and when good touches him, withholding (manu'an).' This describes the inherent human tendencies toward impatience in hardship and stinginess in prosperity. The ayah then excepts those who pray, give charity, and believe.]

[3]Do not walk upon the earth exultantly — Walk on earth with humility (Quran 17:37; Bukhari 3469) [bg:Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in Meccan period prohibiting arrogance and walking on the earth with pride and conceit. The Quraysh elite would walk haughtily among the common people, and this ayah commands humility: even if one could split the earth with their stride or reach the mountains in height — they cannot, so arrogance is baseless.]

[3]Establish prayer and give zakah — Worship Allah with sincere religion — pure monotheism (Quran 98:5 ()) [bg:Revealed in Medina (some say Meccan) concerning the People of the Book who did not become divided until after clear proof (the Prophet Muhammad) came to them. The surah declares that the true religion is sincere worship of Allah alone, with prayer and zakah. The best of creation are those who believe and do righteous deeds; the worst are the rejecters. Revealed in the Medinan period (some say Meccan) declaring that the People of the Book were only commanded to worship Allah with sincere faith (ikhlas), establish prayer, and pay zakah — that is the straight religion. This was revealed regarding the Jewish and Christian communities who had deviated from the pure monotheism they were originally commanded.]

[3]Except those who believe, do good, enjoin truth, and enjoin patience — Enjoin truth and enjoin patience (Quran 103:3) [bg:An early Meccan surah taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' It encapsulates the entire message of Islam. Revealed in the early Meccan period specifying the four conditions for salvation from loss: faith (iman), righteous deeds (al-salih), mutual encouragement to truth (tawasi bi al-haqq), and mutual encouragement to patience (tawasi bi al-sabr).]

[3]Give charity before private consultation (Quran 58:12-13; Bukhari 4885) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the practice of zihar (a form of divorce where a husband said 'You are to me like my mother's back'). The woman Khuwaylah bint Tha'labah complained to the Prophet, and Allah responded from above the seven heavens. The surah also prohibits secret counsel for sin and commands charity before private consultation with the Prophet. Revealed in Medina commanding: 'O you who believe, when you consult the Messenger privately, present a charity (sadaqah) before your consultation.' This was revealed when the wealthy companions would monopolize the Prophet's private time, excluding poorer Muslims. The ayah commanded charity before private consultation to reduce the burden on the Prophet. When many could not afford it, the command was abrogated by the next ayah: 'Are you afraid to present charities before your consultation? Then if you do not — and Allah has forgiven you — establish prayer and give zakah.]

[3]He sought forgiveness of his Lord, fell down bowing, and repented — Seek forgiveness like Prophet Dawud (Quran 38:24; Muslim 2779) [bg:Revealed in Mecca swearing by the Quran and addressing the Quraysh's astonishment that a warner came from among themselves. The surah recounts the stories of Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub (Job), Ibrahim, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Isma'il, al-Yasa', and Dhul-Kifl — all as examples of patience through trial. The story of Dawud's judgment was revealed to establish justice. Revealed in the Meccan period as part of the story of Prophet Dawud (David) when two disputants climbed into his prayer niche, representing a case of a man with 99 ewes demanding the one ewe of his brother. Dawud judged immediately but later realized it was a test from Allah, repented, and prostrated.]

[3]Indeed, you are of a great moral character — Develop excellent character and manners (Quran 68:4; Bukhari 6036) [bg:The second surah revealed (after al-Alaq). Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh accused the Prophet of being a madman (majnun). The surah opens swearing by the pen (al-Qalam) and what is written — a divine affirmation of writing and knowledge. The Prophet is praised for his noble character and warned not to compromise with the polytheists. Revealed in the early Meccan period as Allah's testimony to the Prophet's character: 'And indeed, you are of a great moral character (khuluq 'azim).' When the Quraysh accused the Prophet of being mad or a fabricator, this ayah was revealed declaring that his conduct itself was the greatest proof of his prophethood. His wife 'Aishah said: 'His character was the Quran.]

[3]Learn from story of Musa and lessons of patience (Quran 20:9-98; Bukhari 3399) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on the story of Musa (Moses) as a consolation and inspiration for the Prophet during the difficult years of persecution. The surah begins with 'Ta-Ha' — the Prophet was so exhausted by night prayer that his feet swelled, and the surah was revealed to console him. The story of Musa's confrontation with Pharaoh parallels the Prophet's struggle with the Quraysh. Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of Musa (Moses) — from his call at the burning bush to his confrontation with Pharaoh, the Exodus, and the Golden Calf incident. The Prophet was commanded to learn patience from Musa's story.]

[3]O my son, do not associate partners with Allah — indeed shirk is great injustice — Teach children wisdom and good manners (Quran 31:13-19; Bukhari 6066) [bg:Revealed in Mecca presenting the wisdom of Luqman teaching his son: tawheed, kindness to parents, prayer, enjoining good, patience, humility. The surah refutes the Quraysh who followed their forefathers blindly and asks them to reflect on Allah's creation. Luqman's advice serves as a model for Islamic parenting. Revealed in Mecca through the wisdom of Luqman teaching his son: 'O my son, do not associate partners with Allah — indeed shirk is a great injustice. And We have enjoined upon man care for his parents...]

[3]O my son, establish prayer, enjoin good, forbid evil — Enjoin good and forbid evil with patience (Quran 31:17; Muslim 78) [bg:Revealed in Mecca presenting the wisdom of Luqman teaching his son: tawheed, kindness to parents, prayer, enjoining good, patience, humility. The surah refutes the Quraysh who followed their forefathers blindly and asks them to reflect on Allah's creation. Luqman's advice serves as a model for Islamic parenting. Revealed in the Meccan period as part of Luqman's comprehensive advice to his son: establish prayer, enjoin good, forbid evil, and be patient through whatever befalls you.]

[3]They used to sleep little at night and seek forgiveness at dawn — Engage in night prayer and seek forgiveness at dawn (Quran 51:17-18; Bukhari 1141) [bg:Revealed in Mecca swearing by the winds that scatter and the clouds that bear rain, asserting the truth of the resurrection and judgment. The surah recounts the stories of Ibrahim, Lut, Musa, 'Ad, Thamud, and Nuh's people as warnings to the Quraysh. The purpose of creation is declared: 'I created jinn and mankind only to worship Me.' Revealed in the Meccan period describing the righteous (muttaqin) who sleep little at night and seek forgiveness at dawn.]

[M]Acknowledge Judgment Day and fear its terror (Quran 70:1-3) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh demanded the punishment they were warned about. The surah describes the Day of Judgment in vivid detail and contrasts human impatience with divine justice. The Believers are described as those who guard their prayers, give charity, and believe in the Day of Recompense. Revealed in Mecca when al-Nadr ibn al-Harith and other Quraysh leaders demanded: 'O Allah, if this is the truth from You, rain down upon us stones from the sky or bring us a painful punishment.' The ayah says: 'A questioner asked about a punishment that will fall — upon the disbelievers — which none can prevent.' This establishes that acknowledging Judgment Day and fearing its terror is essential faith, and that mocking divine warnings invites destruction.]

[M]All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds — Recite Al-Fatihah in every rak'ah of Salah (Quran 1:1-7; Bukhari 756) [bg:The first complete surah revealed; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) obligatory in every rak'ah. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and al-Sab' al-Mathani (the Seven Oft-Repeated) because it encapsulates the entire Quranic message: praise of Allah, worship, guidance, and supplication. First surah revealed in its entirety; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) in Makkah, obligatory in every rak'ah from the beginning of Islam. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) because it encapsulates the entire message of the Quran: praise, lordship, mercy, sovereignty, worship, and guidance.]

[M]Be persistently standing for Allah, witnesses in justice — Establish justice and bear witness for Allah (Quran 5:8; Muslim 2308) [bg:One of the last revealed surahs (after the Conquest of Makkah, 8-10 AH). Completes the legislative framework: dietary laws, purity for prayer, criminal justice, and the perfection of the religion at the Farewell Pilgrimage. Ayah 5:3 was revealed at Arafat during the Farewell Hajj. Revealed in Medina commanding Believers to stand firm for Allah as witnesses in justice. This was revealed specifically concerning the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayzah when some Companions wanted to treat them with excessive harshness.]

[M]By time, indeed man is in loss — Use time wisely — mankind is in loss except those who believe (Quran 103:1-3 ()) [bg:An early Meccan surah taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' It encapsulates the entire message of Islam. Revealed in the early Meccan period taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss, except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' This concise surah encapsulates the entire message of Islam: faith, action, truth, and patience.]

An early Meccan surah taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' It encapsulates the entire message of Islam. Revealed in the early Meccan period taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss, except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' This concise surah encapsulates the entire message of Islam: faith, action, truth, and patience. ❌ DON'TS: [h] Be among those who have hearts but do not understand, eyes but do not see. (Qur'an 7:179 — https://quran.com/7:179) [h] Pass over signs without pondering their meaning. (Qur'an 47:24 — https://quran.com/47:24) [h] Be so absorbed in worldly life that you never contemplate the purpose of existence. (Qur'an 57:20 — https://quran.com/57:20) [H] Follow blindly what forefathers did without using your intellect. (Qur'an 2:170 — https://quran.com/2:170) [h] Deny clear signs of Allah in creation — they are made manifest for those who reflect. (Qur'an 41:53 — https://quran.com/41:53) [h] Limit reflection to intellectual curiosity — it must transform into worship and righteous action. (Qur'an 3:190-191 — https://quran.com/3:190-191) =============================================================================== COMPLETE SUPPLEMENTARY COLLECTIONS INDEX =============================================================================== AL-ADAB AL-MUFRAD (57 books) — All topics mapped to guide volumes: 1 Parents → Vol 8 29 Visitors/Ziyarah → Vol 18 2 Ties of Kin → Vol 8 30 General Behavior → Vol 23 3 Mawlas/Wala' → Vol 39 31 Supplication → Vol 25 4 Girls → Vol 7 32 Guests/Spending → Vol 13 5 Children → Vol 7 33 Sayings/Aqwal → Vol 23 6 Neighbors → Vol 13 34 Names → SUPP S1 7 Orphans → Vol 4 35 Kunyah → SUPP S2 8 Child Death → Vol 17 36 Poetry → Vol 23 9 Being Master → Vol 39 37 Words/Kalam → Vol 23 10 Supervision → Vol 19 38 Consequences → Vol 32 11 Good Conduct→ Vol 8 39 Omens → Vol 20 12 Cheerfulness→ Vol 8 40 Sneezing/Yawning → Vol 18 13 Consultation→ Vol 19 41 Gestures → SUPP S8 14 Excellence → Vol 8 42 Greetings → Vol 18 15 Cursing → Vol 21 43 Permission → Vol 23 16 Praise → SUPP S9 44 Ahl al-Kitab → SUPP S16 17 Visitation → Vol 18 45 Letters → SUPP S13 18 Elderly → SUPP S3 46 Gatherings → Vol 23 19 Children → Vol 7 47 Behavior → Vol 23 20 Mercy → Vol 8 48 Sitting/Lying → Vol 23 21 Social Behav→ Vol 13 49 Mornings/Eve → Vol 25 22 Abandonment → SUPP S4 50 Sleep → SUPP S17 23 Advising → Vol 8 51 Animals → Vol 15 24 Disparaging → Vol 21 52 Midday Nap → SUPP S6 25 Building → SUPP S7 53 Circumcision → SUPP S5 26 Compassion → Vol 8 54 Betting/Gambling → Vol 21 27 Worldly Att → SUPP S11 55 Recognition → Vol 14 28 Injustice → Vol 35 56 Meddling → SUPP S12 57 Anger → SUPP S11 ASH-SHAMA'IL AL-MUHAMMADIYAH (56 chapters) — All covered: Physical features → Vol 38 Cupping → Vol 9 Seal of Prophethood → Vol 38 Names → Vol 38 Hair/Grooming → Vol 31 Living → Vol 38 Clothing → Vol 10 Age → Vol 38 Shoes/Sandals → Vol 10 Death/Legacy → Vol 17 Ring → Vol 31 Wudu/Food → Vol 9 Sword/Armor → Vol 19 Weeping → SUPP S10 Walking/Sitting → Vol 23 Humility → Vol 8 Speech/Laughter → Vol 23 Character → Vol 8 Worship → Vol 3 Modesty → Vol 8 Fasting → Vol 5 Seeing in Dream → Vol 20 Recitation → Vol 25 Bed/Furniture → Vol 23 AN-NAWAWI'S 40 HADITH — All 40 hadith embed principles covered across all volumes. Key hadith on intentions (1), Islam/Iman/Ihsan (2), halal/haram (6), etc. BULUGH AL-MARAM (16 books) — All topics covered in main volumes above. MISHKAT AL-MASABIH (30 books) — All topics covered. Book 23 (Medicine & Spells) → Vol 9, 20 Book 29 (Prophet's Description) → Vol 38 Book 30 (Fine Qualities/Manaqib) → Vol 38 HISN AL-MUSLIM (132 chapters) — All 132 du'as cover specific situations. Du'as for every occasion incorporated into relevant Volumes (esp. Vol 25, 3, 5, 6, 17, 9, 16, 2). No new topics beyond the main collections. SPECIAL VIRTUES OF QUR'AN CHAPTERS — Covered in Vol 25 (Fada'il al-Quran). RIYAD AS-SALIHIN (19 books) — All topics covered in main volumes above. ================================================================================ FINAL COMPREHENSIVE INDEX 39 Volumes + 20 Supplements + 10 Quranic Sections covering EVERY topic from all Nine Books, Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Ash-Shama'il, Riyad as-Salihin, Mishkat, Bulugh, Hisn, Nawawi's 40, and the Holy Qur'an ================================================================================ Total unique topics: ~500+ across 69 book-level divisions. "And We have sent down to you the Book as clarification for all things." — Qur'an 16:89 ================================================================================ END OF COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE 39 Volumes + 20 Supplements + 10 Quranic Sections — COMPLETE ISLAMIC REFERENCE "Whoever Allah wishes good for, He grants him understanding of the religion." — Sahih Bukhari 71

[M]Command your family to pray and be patient in it — Command your family to pray and be patient (Quran 20:132; Bukhari 540) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on the story of Musa (Moses) as a consolation and inspiration for the Prophet during the difficult years of persecution. The surah begins with 'Ta-Ha' — the Prophet was so exhausted by night prayer that his feet swelled, and the surah was revealed to console him. The story of Musa's confrontation with Pharaoh parallels the Prophet's struggle with the Quraysh. Revealed in the Meccan period commanding the Prophet to enjoin prayer upon his family (ahl) and to be patient in it. This was revealed when the Prophet was concerned about his family members who were not yet Muslim or were weak in faith, especially his uncle Abu Talib.]

[M]Complete the hajj and umrah for Allah — Perform Hajj if able (Quran 2:196; Bukhari 1773) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in 9-10 AH during the Farewell Pilgrimage period when Hajj was being finalized as a formal obligation.]

[M]Do not display their adornment except what is apparent — Wear hijab (cover adornments) for believing women (Quran 24:31; Abu Dawud 4102) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the laws of modesty, marriage, and family honor. The surah was revealed following the slander incident (al-Ifk) when the hypocrites accused Aisha of adultery. The opening verses establish the punishment for adultery and false accusation, and the later verses establish the hijab and etiquette of seeking permission. Revealed in Medina around 5-6 AH as the main hijab ayah, commanding believing women to lower their gaze, guard their chastity, and not display their adornment except what is apparent (the outer garments/face and hands). Specific rules about covering the chest with khimar (head covering), not revealing hidden adornment, and not striking feet to draw attention.]

[M]Do not enter houses other than yours without permission — Seek permission before entering homes (Quran 24:27; Bukhari 6244) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the laws of modesty, marriage, and family honor. The surah was revealed following the slander incident (al-Ifk) when the hypocrites accused Aisha of adultery. The opening verses establish the punishment for adultery and false accusation, and the later verses establish the hijab and etiquette of seeking permission. Revealed in Medina around 5-6 AH establishing the etiquette of seeking permission before entering homes (istidhan).]

[M]Do not let your wealth and children distract you from Allah's remembrance — Prioritize spiritual growth over worldly distractions (Quran 63:9-11; Bukhari 6411) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-7 AH) exposing the hypocrisy of 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul, the leader of the hypocrites (munafiqun). The surah was revealed after the incident with Banu al-Mustaliq when ibn Ubayy boasted: 'The more honorable will expel the more humble.' The hypocrites are exposed as those who say one thing and believe another. Revealed in Medina warning: 'O you who believe, let not your wealth and your children distract you from the remembrance of Allah. And whoever does that — those are the losers. And spend from what We have provided you before death comes to one of you.' This was revealed regarding the hypocrites and weak-faithed Muslims who prioritized trade over the Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer, as described in 62:11.]

[M]Do not obey him; prostrate and draw near to Allah — Prostrate and draw near to Allah (Quran 96:19 ()) [bg:THE FIRST REVELATION — revealed in the Cave of Hira on the Night of Power, Ramadan, 610 CE. The angel Jibril commanded: 'Read (Iqra!) in the name of your Lord who created — created man from a clot.' The first five verses were the beginning of prophethood. After a pause, the command to arise and warn was revealed. Revealed in the early Meccan period commanding the Prophet: 'No! Do not obey him (Abu Jahl). Prostrate and draw near to Allah.' When Abu Jahl threatened the Prophet while he was praying, the Prophet was commanded to continue worship and draw closer to Allah despite the threats and intimidation.]

[M]Enjoin good and forbid evil (Quran 9:71; Muslim 78) [bg:The only surah not preceded by Bismillah, revealed after the Conquest of Makkah (9 AH) regarding the treaties with the polytheists. Also called Bara'ah (Disavowal), it was revealed when the Prophet sent Ali ibn Abi Talib to proclaim that after 9 AH no polytheist could perform Hajj and no one could circumambulate the Ka'bah naked. The last two verses (9:128-129) are considered the final revealed verses. Revealed in Medina (9 AH) defining the mutual responsibility of believing men and women — they are awliya of one another, enjoining good and forbidding evil, establishing prayer, giving zakah, and obeying Allah and His Messenger.]

[M]Establish prayer and spend from what We have provided — Establish regular prayer (Quran 14:31; Bukhari 574) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on Prophet Ibrahim's supplication for Makkah and his descendants. The surah calls the Quraysh to recognize Allah's blessings and warns that those who replace gratitude with disbelief will face destruction. Named after Ibrahim whose dua for Makkah's security connects the Prophet's mission to the patriarch of monotheism. This was revealed when the Muslims in Makkah were restricted in their ability to openly practice their faith and were to give charity discreetly to avoid persecution.]

[M]Face the qiblah and cover your awrah properly.

[M]Guard your prayers (establish on time) (Quran 70:22-23) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh demanded the punishment they were warned about. The surah describes the Day of Judgment in vivid detail and contrasts human impatience with divine justice. The Believers are described as those who guard their prayers, give charity, and believe in the Day of Recompense. Revealed in Mecca describing the righteous: 'Except the observers of prayer — those who are constant in their prayer (ala salatihim da'imun).' This was revealed when some Muslims were inconsistent in their prayers.]

[M]O children of Adam, take your adornment at every mosque — Adopt proper adornment and dress for prayer (Quran 7:31; Bukhari 346) [bg:Revealed in Mecca calling the Quraysh to follow the revelation and warning them of destruction like previous nations ('Ad, Thamud, Lut). The story of Musa and Pharaoh is the central narrative, revealed to strengthen the Prophet's heart. The ayah 'Take what is given freely and enjoin what is good' (7:199) is a Meccan command of noble character. Revealed in late Meccan period addressing the pagan Arabs who used to perform tawaf around the Ka'bah naked, claiming they would not worship Allah in clothes they had sinned in.]

[M]O you who believe, fasting is prescribed for you — Fast the month of Ramadan (Quran 2:183; Bukhari 1894) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in Sha'ban 2 AH (February 624 CE), the first Ramadan of the Islamic calendar, when fasting was first made obligatory, replacing the earlier practice of fasting 'Ashura only.]

[M]Only those believe in Our signs who fall prostrate when reminded — Perform Sajdah upon hearing verses of prostration (Quran 32:15; Bukhari 1074) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some ayahs Medinan) concerning the creation of the heavens and earth in six days and the resurrection. The surah challenges the Quraysh who denied the resurrection: 'Say: The angel of death will take you.' The Believers are described as those who forsake their beds to pray at night (Tahajjud). Revealed in the Meccan period describing true believers: those who fall prostrate when reminded of Allah's verses, glorify Allah with praise, and are not arrogant. This was revealed when some of the Quraysh would refuse to bow to Allah when the Quran was recited, mocking the believers who prostrated.]

[M]Pray 5 times daily at their appointed times: Fajr (2), Dhuhr (4), Asr (4),

[M]Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire — Guard yourselves and families from the Fire (Quran 66:6) [bg:Revealed in Medina (7 AH) concerning an incident when the Prophet confided a secret to one of his wives (Hafsah), who then disclosed it to Aisha. The surah admonishes the Prophet's wives collectively and establishes marital confidentiality. The story of the wives of Nuh and Lut versus the wife of Pharaoh and Maryam as exemplars is presented.]

[M]Purify yourself (clothes, heart, actions) (Quran 74:4-5) [bg:The fourth surah revealed, after the pause in revelation (fatrat al-wahy). When the Prophet was terrified after the first revelation and wrapped himself in his cloak, the angel Jibril commanded: 'O you wrapped in a garment, arise and warn.' The surah commands purification, patience, and warns of the punishment of Hell for those who deny the truth. Revealed in Mecca as part of the early revelation commanding the Prophet: 'And your clothing purify (wa thiyabaka fatahhir), and avoid uncleanliness (al-rujz fahjur).' This was revealed after the first revelation in the Cave of Hira, commanding both physical purification (clean clothes for prayer) and spiritual purification (abandoning idolatry and sin).]

[M]Recite what has been revealed to you and establish prayer — Establish regular prayer — it prevents immorality (Quran 29:45; Bukhari 366) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some ayahs revealed during early migration) concerning the trial of faith. The surah opens: 'Do the people think they will be left to say 'We believe' and not be tested?' — revealed when the Muslims in Mecca were persecuted for their faith. The story of Nuh, Ibrahim, Lut, and Shu'ayb illustrate patience through trials. Revealed in the Meccan period commanding the Prophet to recite what has been revealed of the Book and establish prayer, which prevents immorality and wrongdoing. This was revealed when the Muslims were being prevented from praying openly in Makkah, emphasizing the power of prayer to transform character even under persecution.]

[M]Righteousness is not turning your faces east/west — Fulfill contracts and promises (Quran 2:177; Bukhari 2700) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in response to the question of what true righteousness (birr) is, after the Companions had been debating the change of qiblah from Jerusalem to Makkah and discussing whether merely facing east or west constituted righteousness.]

[M]Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He created — Seek refuge in Allah from all forms of evil (Quran 113:1-5 ()) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam. The surah commands seeking refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark night, sorcerers who blow on knots, and the envious eye. Together with al-Nas, these are the mu'awwidhatayn (the two protectors). Revealed in the early Meccan period (or some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam, a Jewish man who cast a spell on the Prophet by tying eleven knots in a string. The Prophet was commanded to seek refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark of night, those who blow on knots (sorcerers), and the envious eye. This surah was revealed as a protection prayer against all forms of spiritual harm.]

[M]Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He created — Understand the reality of spiritual harm and protection (Quran 113:1-5) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam. The surah commands seeking refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark night, sorcerers who blow on knots, and the envious eye. Together with al-Nas, these are the mu'awwidhatayn (the two protectors). Revealed in the early Meccan period (or some say Medinan) when the Prophet was affected by the black magic of Labid ibn al-A'sam, a Jewish man who cast a spell on the Prophet by tying eleven knots in a string. The Prophet was commanded to seek refuge in Allah from all forms of evil: the dark of night, those who blow on knots (sorcerers), and the envious eye. This surah was revealed as a protection prayer against all forms of spiritual harm.]

[M]So pray to your Lord and sacrifice — Pray to your Lord and sacrifice (for Allah alone) (Quran 108:2 ()) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh mocked the Prophet for not having sons (his sons had died in infancy). His enemy al-'As ibn Wa'il called him 'al-abtar' (the one cut off, without male heirs). The surah declares: 'We have granted you al-Kawthar (abundant good) — so pray to your Lord and sacrifice. Indeed your enemy is the one cut off.' Revealed in the early Meccan period commanding the Prophet to pray to his Lord and sacrifice (to Allah alone). The command links gratitude for divine favor with the two central acts of worship: prayer and sacrifice, establishing that the response to Allah's blessings is greater devotion, not pride.]

[M]Tell believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity — Lower your gaze (Ghad al-Basar) (Quran 24:30-31; Muslim 2158) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the laws of modesty, marriage, and family honor. The surah was revealed following the slander incident (al-Ifk) when the hypocrites accused Aisha of adultery. The opening verses establish the punishment for adultery and false accusation, and the later verses establish the hijab and etiquette of seeking permission. Revealed in Medina (5 AH) after the incident when a blind companion, Ibn Umm Maktum, came to visit the Prophet and some women in the Prophet's house were not properly covered.]

[M]They withhold small kindnesses — Give small kindnesses (Ma'un) — refuse not even basic help (Quran 107:7) [bg:An early Meccan surah condemning those who deny the Judgment and oppress the orphan and the poor. The surah warns against hypocritical prayer — those who pray heedlessly and for show. The obligation to help others with even small kindnesses (al-ma'un) is established. Revealed regarding Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. Revealed in the early Meccan period condemning those who withhold even small acts of kindness (al-ma'un — a needle, salt, or any borrowed item).]

[M]Turn to Allah in sincere repentance — Repent sincerely (Tawbah al-Nasuh) (Quran 66:8; Muslim 2808) [bg:Revealed in Medina (7 AH) concerning an incident when the Prophet confided a secret to one of his wives (Hafsah), who then disclosed it to Aisha. The surah admonishes the Prophet's wives collectively and establishes marital confidentiality. The story of the wives of Nuh and Lut versus the wife of Pharaoh and Maryam as exemplars is presented. Revealed in Medina commanding sincere repentance (tawbah nusuh) to Allah, promising that Allah will expiate sins and admit believers into gardens beneath which rivers flow. This was revealed when the wives of the Prophet (A'ishah and Hafsa) were involved in the incident that led to the revelation of the surah, and Allah accepted their repentance.]

[M]We have given you abundance (Al-Kawthar) — Know that Allah gives abundant good (Al-Kawthar) (Quran 108:1) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh mocked the Prophet for not having sons (his sons had died in infancy). His enemy al-'As ibn Wa'il called him 'al-abtar' (the one cut off, without male heirs). The surah declares: 'We have granted you al-Kawthar (abundant good) — so pray to your Lord and sacrifice. Indeed your enemy is the one cut off.' Revealed in the early Meccan period when the Quraysh mocked the Prophet for not having sons (his sons had all died in infancy), and his enemy al-'As ibn Wa'il called him 'al-abtar' (the one cut off, without male heirs).]

[M]When the call to Friday prayer is made, hasten to the remembrance of Allah — Attend Jumu'ah prayer and leave trade during call (Quran 62:9; Bukhari 881) [bg:Revealed in Medina (1-2 AH) establishing the Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer as the weekly congregational obligation. The surah was revealed when the Prophet first established the Jumu'ah prayer in Medina, replacing the Friday gatherings of the Jews and the market day of the Quraysh. The hypocrites who would leave the mosque for trade are admonished. Revealed in Medina after the institution of the Friday congregational prayer (Jumu'ah), which replaced the Friday practices of the Jews.]

[M]Who guard their private parts — Guard your private parts (chastity) (Quran 23:5-6; Muslim 3402) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing the qualities of the successful Believers: khushu' in prayer, avoidance of idle talk, payment of zakah, guarding private parts, and keeping trusts. The surah was revealed to console the persecuted Believers by describing the Paradise that awaits them and the punishment that awaits the rejecters. Revealed in the Meccan period as part of the qualities of successful believers, specifically defining the limits of sexual conduct: guarding private parts except with spouses and right-hand possessions.]

🚫 What Not to Do

What to Do ↑ As You Wish ↓

(extra):

[H]Abandon prayer intentionally — grave sin; some scholars consider it kufr.

[H]Allah permitted trade and forbade usury — Consume riba (usury/interest) (Quran 2:275-279; Muslim 1598) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in Medina (2 AH) when the Quraysh merchants who had accepted Islam were still practicing riba (usury/interest) as was customary in pre-Islamic trade. Banu Mughirah and Banu Amr were among those dealing in riba. The ayah was revealed drawing a clear line between trade (halal) and riba (haram), declaring war from Allah and His Messenger against those who persist.]

[H]Deliberately abandon the guidance of the Quran or neglect its recitation (Quran 73:5) [bg:The third surah revealed (after al-Alaq and al-Qalam). Revealed in Mecca commanding the Prophet to stand in night prayer (tahajjud). When the command to pray half the night was found difficult for the community, the concluding verses were revealed later in Medina, reducing the obligation. The command to recite the Quran with slow measured recitation (tartil) was established. Revealed in Mecca commanding the Prophet to 'cover himself' (in a garment) and to arise and warn. The ayah says: 'Indeed We will cast upon you a heavy word (qawl thaqilan).' This was revealed when the Prophet would wrap himself in his cloak in fear after the first revelation.]

[H]Do not approach zina — it is an abomination — Commit Zina (unlawful sexual relations) (Quran 17:32; Muslim 1690) [bg:Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in Meccan period prohibiting approaching zina (unlawful sexual relations) entirely — not just the act itself but anything leading to it. This was revealed in a society where zina was practiced openly, establishing the principle of blocking the means (sadd al-dhara'i') to sin.]

[H]Do not kill your children for fear of poverty — Kill children for fear of poverty (Quran 17:31; Bukhari 5992) [bg:Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in the late Meccan period when the Quraysh practiced female infanticide, burying newborn girls alive, fearing poverty and shame.]

Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in the late Meccan period when the Quraysh practiced female infanticide, burying newborn girls alive, fearing poverty and shame. ================================================================================ COMPLETE NINE-BOOK REFERENCE INDEX Every unique topic from all Nine Books of Hadith mapped to guide volumes ================================================================================ SAHIH AL-BUKHARI (97 books): 1 Revelation → Vol 1 49 Manumission → Vol 39 2 Faith → Vol 1 50 Mukatab → Vol 39 3 Knowledge → Vol 14 51 Gifts → Vol 34 4 Wudu → Vol 2 52 Witnesses → Vol 28 5 Ghusl → Vol 2 53 Peacemaking → Vol 13 6 Hayd → Vol 2 54 Conditions → Vol 28 7 Tayammum → Vol 2 55 Wills → Vol 35 8 Salah → Vol 3 56 Jihad → Vol 19 9 Prayer Times → Vol 3 57 Khumus → Vol 30 10 Adhan → Vol 3 58 Jizyah → Vol 30 11 Jumu'ah → Vol 3 59 Creation → Vol 30 12 Fear Prayer → Vol 26 60 Prophets → Vol 1 13 Eid → Vol 12 61 Virtues of Sahabah → Vol 38 14 Witr → Vol 26 62 Virtues of Ansar → Vol 38 15 Istisqa' → Vol 26 63 Virtues of Prophet → Vol 38 16 Eclipse → Vol 26 64 Maghazi → Vol 30 17 Sujud al-Quran → Vol 26 65 Tafsir → Vol 36 18 Qasr → Vol 16 66 Quran Virtues → Vol 25 19 Tahajjud → Vol 3 67 Marriage → Vol 7 20 Madinah Virtues → Vol 39 68 Divorce → Vol 7 21 Actions in Prayer → Vol 3 69 Nafaqat → Vol 29 22 Forgetfulness → Vol 26 70 Food → Vol 9 23 Funerals → Vol 17 71 Aqiqah → Vol 29 24 Zakat → Vol 4 72 Hunting → Vol 22 25-29 Hajj → Vol 6 73 Sacrifices → Vol 22 30-33 Fasting → Vol 5 74 Drinks → Vol 9 34 Sales → Vol 11 75 Patients → Vol 37 35 Sales (details) → Vol 11 76 Medicine → Vol 9 36 Shuf'a → Vol 27 77 Dress → Vol 10 37 Ijarah → Vol 34 78 Manners → Vol 8 38 Hawalah → Vol 34 79 Permission → Vol 23 39 Kafalah → Vol 34 80 Invocations → Vol 25 40 Wakalah → Vol 34 81 Riqaq → Vol 37 41 Agriculture → Vol 27 82 Qadr → Vol 1 42 Water → Vol 27 83 Vows → Vol 22 43 Loans → Vol 11 84 Oaths → Vol 22 44 Disputes → Vol 35 85 Inheritance → Vol 11 45 Lost Property → Vol 27 86 Hudud → Vol 21 46 Oppressions → Vol 35 87 Diyat → Vol 35 47 Partnership → Vol 27 88 Apostasy → Vol 30 48 Rahn → Vol 34 89 Coercion → Vol 28 90 Hiyal (Tricks) → Vol 35 91 Dreams → Vol 20 92 Fitan → Vol 24 93 Ahkam → Vol 28 94 Wishes → Vol 33 95 News → Vol 33 96 I'tisam → Vol 33 97 Tawheed → Vol 1 SAHIH MUSLIM (56 books): 1 Faith → Vol 1 20 Emancipation → Vol 39 2 Purification → Vol 2 21 Transactions → Vol 11 3 Menstruation → Vol 2 22 Musaqah → Vol 27 4 Prayers → Vol 3 23 Inheritance → Vol 11 5 Mosques → Vol 3 24 Gifts → Vol 34 6 Travelers → Vol 16 25 Wills → Vol 35 7 Jumu'ah → Vol 3 26 Vows → Vol 22 8 Eid → Vol 12 27 Oaths → Vol 22 9 Rain → Vol 26 28 Qisas/Diyat → Vol 35 10 Eclipse → Vol 26 29 Hudud → Vol 21 11 Funerals → Vol 17 30 Judgments → Vol 28 12 Zakat → Vol 4 31 Lost Property → Vol 27 13 Fasting → Vol 5 32 Jihad → Vol 19 14 I'tikaf → Vol 5 33 Government → Vol 19 15 Hajj → Vol 6 34 Hunting/Slaughter → Vol 22 16 Marriage → Vol 7 35 Sacrifices → Vol 22 17 Suckling → Vol 29 36 Drinks → Vol 9 18 Divorce → Vol 7 37 Clothes → Vol 10 19 Li'an → Vol 29 38 Manners → Vol 8 39 Greetings → Vol 18 40 Correct Words → Vol 23 41 Poetry → Vol 23 42 Dreams → Vol 20 43 Virtues of Prophet → Vol 38 44 Virtues of Sahabah → Vol 38 45 Good Manners/Kinship → Vol 8 46 Qadr → Vol 1 47 Knowledge → Vol 14 48 Dhikr/Du'a/Repentance → Vol 25 49 Riqaq/Zuhd → Vol 37 50 Repentance → Vol 8 51 Hypocrites → Vol 24 52 Day of Judgment → Vol 32 53 Paradise → Vol 32 54 Fitan → Vol 24 55 Zuhd/Softening Hearts → Vol 37 56 Tafsir → Vol 36 SUNAN AN-NASA'I (52 books) — All topics covered in corresponding volumes above. SUNAN ABI DAWUD (43 books): 1-30, 32-43 → All covered in corresponding volumes. 31 Manumission of Slaves ('Itq) → Vol 39 (NEW) JAMI' AT-TIRMIDHI (49 books) — All covered in corresponding volumes. Notable: Witr (Vol 26), Zuhd (Vol 37), Tafsir (Vol 36), Shama'il/Description (Vol 38), Qira'at (Vol 25) SUNAN IBN MAJAH (37 books) — All covered. 19 Manumission ('Itq) → Vol 39 (NEW) MUWATTA MALIK (61 books): 1-31, 33, 35-36, 41-42, 45-48, 50-59 → All covered. 32 Qirad/Mudaraba → Vol 34 (NEW) 34 Renting Land → Vol 34 (NEW) 37 Wills → Vol 35 (NEW) 38 Setting Free/Wala' → Vol 39 (NEW) 39 Mukatab → Vol 39 (NEW) 40 Mudabbar → Vol 39 (NEW) 43 Blood Money → Vol 35 (NEW) 44 Qasama → Vol 35 (NEW) 49 Description → Vol 38 (NEW) 60 Wronged Du'a → Vol 39 (NEW) 61 Names of Prophet → Vol 38 (NEW) SUNAN AD-DARIMI (23 books) — All covered except: 15 Diyat → Vol 35 (NEW) 17 Siyar → Vol 39 (NEW) 20 Riqaq → Vol 37 (NEW) 22 Wills → Vol 35 (NEW) ================================================================================ COMPLETE CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX All 114 Surahs of the Qur'an by topic area ================================================================================ Sources integrated throughout. Main thematic clusters: Tawheed & Aqeedah — Surahs 1, 112, 113, 114 + verses throughout Fiqh/Rulings — Surahs 2 (Baqarah), 4 (Nisa'), 5 (Ma'idah), 24 (Nur), 65 (Talaq) Stories & History — Surahs 7 (A'raf), 11 (Hud), 12 (Yusuf), 18 (Kahf), 20 (Taha) Hereafter — Surahs 56 (Waqi'ah), 67 (Mulk), 75 (Qiyamah), 78 (Naba'), 88 (Ghashiyah) Ibadah & Spirituality — Surahs 17 (Isra'), 23 (Mu'minun), 32 (Sajdah), 57 (Hadid) Social Justice — Surahs 4, 5, 9, 49, 60, 76 Nature & Signs — Surahs 16 (Nahl), 21 (Anbiya'), 36 (Ya Sin), 55 (Rahman) ================================================================================ SUPPLEMENT — TOPICS FROM ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS Al-Adab Al-Mufrad (57 chapters), Ash-Shama'il (56 chapters), Riyad as-Salihin, Bulugh al-Maram, Mishkat al-Masabih, Hisn al-Muslim, An-Nawawi's 40 Hadith ================================================================================

[H]Engage in vain/idle talk (Quran 23:3; Bukhari 6132) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing the qualities of the successful Believers: khushu' in prayer, avoidance of idle talk, payment of zakah, guarding private parts, and keeping trusts. The surah was revealed to console the persecuted Believers by describing the Paradise that awaits them and the punishment that awaits the rejecters. Revealed in Mecca describing the successful Believers: 'And those who turn away from laghw (vain/idle talk).' This was revealed when the Quraysh would invite the Prophet and the Muslims to their gatherings where they engaged in mockery, gossip, and vain poetry.]

[H]Forbidden to you: carrion, blood, swine's flesh — Consume carrion, blood, pork, food to other than Allah (Quran 5:3; Bukhari 5208) [bg:One of the last revealed surahs (after the Conquest of Makkah, 8-10 AH). Completes the legislative framework: dietary laws, purity for prayer, criminal justice, and the perfection of the religion at the Farewell Pilgrimage. Ayah 5:3 was revealed at Arafat during the Farewell Hajj. Revealed on the Day of Arafat during the Farewell Pilgrimage (9 Dhul-Hijjah 10 AH / 6 March 632 CE) — the last revealed verse of the Quran regarding dietary laws. It completes the list of forbidden foods and declares the perfection of the religion. This was revealed when a man from the Banu Tamim tribe asked about the ruling on camel meat, and the Prophet was on his camel at Arafat.]

[H]Have you seen the one who denies the religion? That is the one who repels the orphan — Repel the orphan and neglect feeding the poor (Quran 107:1-3 ()) [bg:An early Meccan surah condemning those who deny the Judgment and oppress the orphan and the poor. The surah warns against hypocritical prayer — those who pray heedlessly and for show. The obligation to help others with even small kindnesses (al-ma'un) is established. Revealed regarding Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. Revealed in the early Meccan period condemning those who deny the Judgment and oppress the orphan and do not encourage feeding the poor. This refers to early Quraysh leaders who on one hand believed in Allah but on the other hand rejected moral accountability, mistreating the vulnerable despite their wealth.]

[H]Indeed, I am Allah — there is no god but Me, so worship Me — Worship anyone or anything besides Allah (Quran 20:14; Muslim 16) [bg:Revealed in Mecca centered on the story of Musa (Moses) as a consolation and inspiration for the Prophet during the difficult years of persecution. The surah begins with 'Ta-Ha' — the Prophet was so exhausted by night prayer that his feet swelled, and the surah was revealed to console him. The story of Musa's confrontation with Pharaoh parallels the Prophet's struggle with the Quraysh. Revealed in the Meccan period in the story of Musa (Moses) at the Valley of Tuwa when Allah addressed him directly.]

[H]Persist in worshipping false deities (Quran 71:23-24) [bg:Revealed in Mecca recounting the story of Prophet Nuh (Noah) who called his people for 950 years. The surah consoles the Prophet who faced rejection from the Quraysh, showing that even Nuh — despite his long mission — had only a few believers. Nuh's supplication against the disbelievers and for the Believers is presented as a model. Revealed in Mecca through the story of Prophet Nuh who said: 'And they (the disbelievers) have said: 'Never leave your gods and never leave Wadd, nor Suwa', nor Yaghuth, nor Ya'uq, nor Nasr.' These were the five idols worshipped by the people of Nuh, names later adopted by the Arabs.]

[H]Pray while intoxicated. (Qur'an 4:43)

[H]Split into sects after clear proof comes (Quran 98:4) [bg:Revealed in Medina (some say Meccan) concerning the People of the Book who did not become divided until after clear proof (the Prophet Muhammad) came to them. The surah declares that the true religion is sincere worship of Allah alone, with prayer and zakah. The best of creation are those who believe and do righteous deeds; the worst are the rejecters. Revealed in Medina (or late Meccan) regarding the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) who did not split into sects until after clear proof (al-bayyinah — the Prophet Muhammad) came to them.]

[H]Take Jews/Christians as allies over believers (Quran 5:51; Bukhari 7074) [bg:One of the last revealed surahs (after the Conquest of Makkah, 8-10 AH). Completes the legislative framework: dietary laws, purity for prayer, criminal justice, and the perfection of the religion at the Farewell Pilgrimage. Ayah 5:3 was revealed at Arafat during the Farewell Hajj. This was revealed during a period of military and political tension with the Jewish tribes who had conspired with the Quraysh against the Muslims.]

[H]There is no compulsion in religion — Forced conversion in religion (Quran 2:256; Bukhari 6922) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in Medina concerning the Ansar who had children with Jewish or Christian women before Islam; after the hijrah, they wanted to force their children to convert to Islam. The ayah firmly established that there is no compulsion in religion — truth (Islam) has been made distinct from error (kufr), and whoever rejects falsehood and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold.]

[H]They ask you about intoxicants and gambling — Consume alcohol/intoxicants (Quran 2:219; Muslim 2003) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed when 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and Mu'adh ibn Jabal, among others, asked the Prophet about the ruling on wine (khamr) and gambling (maysir).]

[H]Those who accuse chaste women without 4 witnesses — flog 80 lashes — Accuse chaste women without 4 witnesses (Quran 24:4; Muslim 1709) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the laws of modesty, marriage, and family honor. The surah was revealed following the slander incident (al-Ifk) when the hypocrites accused Aisha of adultery. The opening verses establish the punishment for adultery and false accusation, and the later verses establish the hijab and etiquette of seeking permission. Revealed in 5-6 AH in direct connection to the slander of 'Aishah (Ifk incident).]

[H]Why do you prohibit what Allah has made lawful to you? — Forbid what Allah has made lawful (Quran 66:1; Bukhari 4885) [bg:Revealed in Medina (7 AH) concerning an incident when the Prophet confided a secret to one of his wives (Hafsah), who then disclosed it to Aisha. The surah admonishes the Prophet's wives collectively and establishes marital confidentiality. The story of the wives of Nuh and Lut versus the wife of Pharaoh and Maryam as exemplars is presented. Revealed in Medina around 7 AH when the Prophet forbade himself honey (or a slave girl) to please his wives.]

[H]Your Lord decreed: worship none but Him and honor parents — Disobey parents in permissible matters (Uquq al-Walidayn) (Quran 17:23-24; Bukhari 5973) [bg:Revealed in Mecca following the Isra (Night Journey) and Mi'raj (Ascension) in 621 CE, when the Prophet was taken from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascended through the heavens. The surah begins glorifying Allah for this journey. Contains the Ten Commandments-equivalent verses (17:22-39) and the command of the five daily prayers revealed during the Mi'raj. Revealed in Mecca (during the Isra and Mi'raj journey or shortly after) commanding: 'Do not say to them 'uff' and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word.' This prohibition against uquq al-walidayn (disobedience to parents) was revealed in response to the Meccan youth who were annoyed by their elderly parents clinging to the old religion.]

[h]Be impatient and restless in hardship (Quran 70:19-21) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh demanded the punishment they were warned about. The surah describes the Day of Judgment in vivid detail and contrasts human impatience with divine justice. The Believers are described as those who guard their prayers, give charity, and believe in the Day of Recompense. Revealed in Mecca: 'Indeed humanity was created anxious (halu'an) — when evil touches him, impatient (jazu'an), and when good touches him, withholding (manu'an).' This describes the inherent human tendencies toward impatience in hardship and stinginess in prosperity. The ayah then excepts those who pray, give charity, and believe.]

[h]Be jealous of others' gifts and blessings (Quran 38:21-23; Bukhari 6063) [bg:Revealed in Mecca swearing by the Quran and addressing the Quraysh's astonishment that a warner came from among themselves. The surah recounts the stories of Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub (Job), Ibrahim, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Isma'il, al-Yasa', and Dhul-Kifl — all as examples of patience through trial. The story of Dawud's judgment was revealed to establish justice. Revealed in Mecca relating the story of the two disputants who climbed the wall of Prophet Dawud's private chamber to present their case — one had 99 ewes and demanded the other's single ewe. Dawud judged without hearing the other side, then realized his error and repented. This ayah warns against jealousy (hasad) of others' blessings, establishing that coveting what Allah has given others leads to injustice, and that judges must hear all sides before ruling.]

[h]Crack knuckles or fidget during prayer.

[h]Delay prayer beyond its time without valid excuse.

[h]Do not turn your cheek to people in arrogance — Show arrogance and pride towards people (Quran 31:18; Muslim 2620) [bg:Revealed in Mecca presenting the wisdom of Luqman teaching his son: tawheed, kindness to parents, prayer, enjoining good, patience, humility. The surah refutes the Quraysh who followed their forefathers blindly and asks them to reflect on Allah's creation. Luqman's advice serves as a model for Islamic parenting. Revealed in the Meccan period as part of Luqman's wisdom: do not turn your cheek away from people in arrogance and do not walk on the earth haughtily.]

[h]Harm believing men and women unjustly (Quran 33:58; Tirmidhi 1980) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-7 AH) concerning the Battle of the Trench (al-Ahzab) in 5 AH when the confederate tribes besieged Medina. The surah establishes the Prophet's marriage to Zaynab bint Jahsh to abolish the pre-Islamic adoption system, commands the hijab for the Prophet's wives, and refutes the hypocrites who fled from battle. Revealed in Medina (5 AH) after the incident of al-Ifk (the slander against Aisha when the hypocrites accused her of adultery).]

[h]Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off — Hate the Prophet — his detractors are cut off (Quran 108:3 ()) [bg:Revealed in Mecca when the Quraysh mocked the Prophet for not having sons (his sons had died in infancy). His enemy al-'As ibn Wa'il called him 'al-abtar' (the one cut off, without male heirs). The surah declares: 'We have granted you al-Kawthar (abundant good) — so pray to your Lord and sacrifice. Indeed your enemy is the one cut off.' Revealed in the early Meccan period declaring that the one who hates the Prophet (his enemy al-'As ibn Wa'il and all who opposed him) — he is the one cut off (al-abtar), not the Prophet. This divine reversal — the one who insulted the Prophet is himself the one without true legacy — established that the Prophet's legacy continues forever while his enemies are forgotten.]

[h]Leave a gap in the prayer row.

[h]Look around or play with clothes during prayer.

[h]Love wealth excessively (Quran 89:19-20) [bg:An early Meccan surah swearing by the dawn (al-fajr) and the ten nights (of Dhul-Hijjah). The surah recounts the destruction of 'Ad, Thamud, and Pharaoh as warnings to the Quraysh. The love of wealth is condemned, and the righteous soul is promised: 'O soul at peace, return to your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing.' Revealed in Mecca condemning the Quraysh: 'And you consume inheritance with devouring consumption, and you love wealth with immense love.' This was revealed regarding the practice of wealthy Quraysh who would consume the inheritance of their weak relatives (women, orphans) and hoard wealth.]

[h]Lower your voice — the most disagreeable sound is the donkey's voice — Raise your voice excessively (Quran 31:19; Bukhari 6040) [bg:Revealed in Mecca presenting the wisdom of Luqman teaching his son: tawheed, kindness to parents, prayer, enjoining good, patience, humility. The surah refutes the Quraysh who followed their forefathers blindly and asks them to reflect on Allah's creation. Luqman's advice serves as a model for Islamic parenting. Revealed in the Meccan period completing Luqman's advice: walk in a moderate manner and lower your voice, for the harshest of sounds is the braying of a donkey.]

[h]Pass in front of someone praying without a sutrah. (Bukhari 510)

[h]Pray when food is ready or you need the bathroom. (Muslim 560)

[h]Rush through prayer without tuma'ninah.

[h]When the call to Friday prayer is made, hasten to the remembrance of Allah — Engage in trade after Jumu'ah call (until prayer ends) (Quran 62:9; Bukhari 881) [bg:Revealed in Medina (1-2 AH) establishing the Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer as the weekly congregational obligation. The surah was revealed when the Prophet first established the Jumu'ah prayer in Medina, replacing the Friday gatherings of the Jews and the market day of the Quraysh. The hypocrites who would leave the mosque for trade are admonished. Revealed in Medina after the institution of the Friday congregational prayer (Jumu'ah), which replaced the Friday practices of the Jews.]

[h]Woe to those who pray but are heedless of their prayer — Be heedless in prayer and show off (Quran 107:4-6) [bg:An early Meccan surah condemning those who deny the Judgment and oppress the orphan and the poor. The surah warns against hypocritical prayer — those who pray heedlessly and for show. The obligation to help others with even small kindnesses (al-ma'un) is established. Revealed regarding Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. Revealed in the early Meccan period warning against hypocritical prayer — those who pray but are heedless of their prayer and only show off to be seen. This was revealed concerning the munafiqun (hypocrites) who prayed publicly for show but did not establish prayer with sincerity or punctuality.]

⭐ As You Wish

What to Do ↑ What Not to Do ↑

[P]All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all worlds — Recite additional dhikr after Fatihah in optional prayers (Quran 1:1-7; Muslim 771) [bg:The first complete surah revealed; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) obligatory in every rak'ah. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) and al-Sab' al-Mathani (the Seven Oft-Repeated) because it encapsulates the entire Quranic message: praise of Allah, worship, guidance, and supplication. First surah revealed in its entirety; laid down as the essential prayer (Salah) in Makkah, obligatory in every rak'ah from the beginning of Islam. Named Umm al-Kitab (Mother of the Book) because it encapsulates the entire message of the Quran: praise, lordship, mercy, sovereignty, worship, and guidance.]

[P]By time, indeed man is in loss — Develop time management skills (Quran 103:1-3) [bg:An early Meccan surah taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' It encapsulates the entire message of Islam. Revealed in the early Meccan period taking an oath by time (al-'asr) that all human beings are in loss, except those who believe, do righteous deeds, advise each other to truth, and advise each other to patience. Imam al-Shafi'i said: 'If people reflected on this surah alone, it would suffice them.' This concise surah encapsulates the entire message of Islam: faith, action, truth, and patience.]

[P]Establish prayer and give zakah — Establish regular prayer and give Zakat (Quran 98:5 ()) [bg:Revealed in Medina (some say Meccan) concerning the People of the Book who did not become divided until after clear proof (the Prophet Muhammad) came to them. The surah declares that the true religion is sincere worship of Allah alone, with prayer and zakah. The best of creation are those who believe and do righteous deeds; the worst are the rejecters. Revealed in the Medinan period (some say Meccan) declaring that the People of the Book were only commanded to worship Allah with sincere faith (ikhlas), establish prayer, and pay zakah — that is the straight religion. This was revealed regarding the Jewish and Christian communities who had deviated from the pure monotheism they were originally commanded.]

[P]Listen to Quran with deep reflection (Quran 38:29; Bukhari 5052) [bg:Revealed in Mecca swearing by the Quran and addressing the Quraysh's astonishment that a warner came from among themselves. The surah recounts the stories of Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub (Job), Ibrahim, Ishaq, Ya'qub, Isma'il, al-Yasa', and Dhul-Kifl — all as examples of patience through trial. The story of Dawud's judgment was revealed to establish justice. Revealed in Mecca describing the Quran: 'A blessed Book which We have revealed to you that they may reflect upon its verses (li-yaddabbaru ayatihi) and that those of understanding may be reminded.' This was revealed when the Quraysh listened to the Quran but did not reflect on its meaning.]

[P]Maintain trust and confidentiality in marriage (Quran 66:3-4; Bukhari 4885) [bg:Revealed in Medina (7 AH) concerning an incident when the Prophet confided a secret to one of his wives (Hafsah), who then disclosed it to Aisha. The surah admonishes the Prophet's wives collectively and establishes marital confidentiality. The story of the wives of Nuh and Lut versus the wife of Pharaoh and Maryam as exemplars is presented. Revealed in Medina (7 AH) when the Prophet confided a secret to one of his wives (Hafsah or Aisha), who then disclosed it to another wife. The ayah reprimands both wives while acknowledging the Prophet's trust.]

[P]Marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your slaves — Marry and facilitate marriage for others (Quran 24:32; Bukhari 5065) [bg:Revealed in Medina (5-6 AH) concerning the laws of modesty, marriage, and family honor. The surah was revealed following the slander incident (al-Ifk) when the hypocrites accused Aisha of adultery. The opening verses establish the punishment for adultery and false accusation, and the later verses establish the hijab and etiquette of seeking permission. Revealed in Medina around 5-6 AH commanding Muslims to facilitate marriage for single men and women and for righteous slaves and servants, promising that Allah would enrich them from His bounty.]

[P]Non-Muslims may visit mosques (modern scholarly view) (Quran 9:28; Bukhari 4655) [bg:The only surah not preceded by Bismillah, revealed after the Conquest of Makkah (9 AH) regarding the treaties with the polytheists. Also called Bara'ah (Disavowal), it was revealed when the Prophet sent Ali ibn Abi Talib to proclaim that after 9 AH no polytheist could perform Hajj and no one could circumambulate the Ka'bah naked. The last two verses (9:128-129) are considered the final revealed verses. The ayah 'Indeed the polytheists are unclean (najas)' was revealed in 9 AH when the Prophet declared that no polytheist could approach the Sacred Mosque after that year. This was after the conquest of Makkah when the Prophet sent Ali ibn Abi Talib to proclaim this command. Scholars derive from the Prophet's treatment of the Christian delegation of Najran (who prayed in the Prophet's mosque, 10 AH) that non-Muslims may visit mosques under specific conditions.]

[P]O messengers, eat from the good foods and work righteousness — Maintain a balanced diet — eat and drink moderately (Quran 23:51; Bukhari 5377) [bg:Revealed in Mecca describing the qualities of the successful Believers: khushu' in prayer, avoidance of idle talk, payment of zakah, guarding private parts, and keeping trusts. The surah was revealed to console the persecuted Believers by describing the Paradise that awaits them and the punishment that awaits the rejecters. Revealed in the Meccan period commanding the messengers (and by extension their followers) to eat from the good things (tayyibat) and act righteously. This was revealed when some people attempted extreme asceticism.]

[P]Observe the dawn (Fajr) and the ten nights (Quran 89:1-2) [bg:An early Meccan surah swearing by the dawn (al-fajr) and the ten nights (of Dhul-Hijjah). The surah recounts the destruction of 'Ad, Thamud, and Pharaoh as warnings to the Quraysh. The love of wealth is condemned, and the righteous soul is promised: 'O soul at peace, return to your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing.' Revealed in Mecca: 'By the dawn (al-fajr) and the ten nights (layalin 'ashr).' The ten nights are most commonly interpreted as the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah (the month of Hajj). The ayah calls to observe the dawn (Fajr) and the ten nights of Dhul-Hijjah, establishing that these are special times for increased worship, fasting, and supplication.]

[P]Observe the universe for scientific study (Quran 32:5) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some ayahs Medinan) concerning the creation of the heavens and earth in six days and the resurrection. The surah challenges the Quraysh who denied the resurrection: 'Say: The angel of death will take you.' The Believers are described as those who forsake their beds to pray at night (Tahajjud). Revealed in Mecca declaring: 'He arranges matters from the heaven to the earth, then they ascend to Him in a day whose measure is a thousand years of your counting.' This was revealed when the Quraysh questioned how Allah could manage all affairs simultaneously.]

[P]Practice community service and neighborly help (Quran 107:1-7) [bg:An early Meccan surah condemning those who deny the Judgment and oppress the orphan and the poor. The surah warns against hypocritical prayer — those who pray heedlessly and for show. The obligation to help others with even small kindnesses (al-ma'un) is established. Revealed regarding Abu Jahl and other Quraysh leaders. Revealed in Mecca condemning those who deny the Judgment: 'He is the one who repulses the orphan and does not encourage feeding the poor.' The ayah then warns against those who pray heedlessly and for show. This was revealed regarding Abu Jahl (some say al-'As ibn Wa'il or 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy) who would pray publicly but neglect prayer in private.]

[P]Recite what is easy from the Quran, establish prayer — Establish balanced routine of worship, work, rest (Quran 73:20) [bg:The third surah revealed (after al-Alaq and al-Qalam). Revealed in Mecca commanding the Prophet to stand in night prayer (tahajjud). When the command to pray half the night was found difficult for the community, the concluding verses were revealed later in Medina, reducing the obligation. The command to recite the Quran with slow measured recitation (tartil) was established. Revealed in the later Meccan or early Medinan period, abrogating the original obligation of night-long prayer. The ayah acknowledges that Allah knows the believers cannot maintain extended night prayers all the time, and reduces the obligation to whatever is easy (faqra'u ma tayassara), establishing the principle of facilitation in worship.]

[P]Reflect on historical lessons of 'Ad, Thamud, Pharaoh (Quran 89:6-13) [bg:An early Meccan surah swearing by the dawn (al-fajr) and the ten nights (of Dhul-Hijjah). The surah recounts the destruction of 'Ad, Thamud, and Pharaoh as warnings to the Quraysh. The love of wealth is condemned, and the righteous soul is promised: 'O soul at peace, return to your Lord, well-pleased and well-pleasing.' Revealed in Mecca recounting the destruction of 'Ad (the people of Hud in the Empty Quarter), Thamud (people of Salih who carved homes in mountains), and Pharaoh (who claimed divinity). The ayah asks: 'Do you not consider how your Lord dealt with 'Ad?' This was revealed when the Quraysh boasted about their strength, showing that nations far more powerful than the Quraysh were destroyed when they rejected Allah.]

[P]Reflect on human creation from clay to soul (Quran 32:7-9; Bukhari 3200) [bg:Revealed in Mecca (some ayahs Medinan) concerning the creation of the heavens and earth in six days and the resurrection. The surah challenges the Quraysh who denied the resurrection: 'Say: The angel of death will take you.' The Believers are described as those who forsake their beds to pray at night (Tahajjud). Revealed in Mecca describing human creation: 'Who perfected everything He created and began the creation of man from clay. Then He made his offspring from a despised fluid (semen). Then He proportioned him and breathed into him of His spirit.' This ayah was revealed to the Quraysh who denied resurrection, establishing that the One who created humans from clay then from a drop can certainly bring them back to life.]

[P]Slaughter with proper Islamic procedure (Dhabihah) (Quran 5:5; Bukhari 2374) [bg:One of the last revealed surahs (after the Conquest of Makkah, 8-10 AH). Completes the legislative framework: dietary laws, purity for prayer, criminal justice, and the perfection of the religion at the Farewell Pilgrimage. Ayah 5:3 was revealed at Arafat during the Farewell Hajj. Revealed in Medina (7-8 AH) after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah when relations with Christian communities were expanding.]

[P]Those who recite Allah's Book, establish prayer, and give charity — Recite the Quran and reflect on its message (Quran 35:29-30; Bukhari 4595) [bg:Revealed in Mecca calling attention to the creation of the heavens and earth and the diversity of creation. Named al-Fatir (the Originator) or al-Mala'ikah (the Angels). The surah warns that no intercession avails except by Allah's permission and that true nearness to Allah comes through faith and righteous deeds. Revealed in the Meccan period describing those who recite the Book of Allah, establish prayer, and spend from what Allah has provided them secretly and openly — they hope for a trade that will never perish.]

[P]Use contraception with mutual spouse consent (Quran 2:223; Bukhari 222) [bg:The longest surah in the Quran, revealed over approximately 9 years (1-9 AH). It addresses the establishment of the Islamic state in Medina: legislation for prayer, fasting, Hajj, marriage, divorce, trade, jihad, and relations with the People of the Book. Contains the last revealed verse (2:281) revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Revealed in Medina responding to a question from the Ansar (and Jews of Medina) who claimed that certain marital positions were forbidden because they would produce cross-eyed children. The ayah established that all consensual marital intimacy between spouses is lawful, rejecting Jewish and superstitious restrictions.]

[P]When the prayer is finished, disperse in the land and seek Allah's bounty — Resume business after Jumu'ah prayer (Quran 62:10; Bukhari 881) [bg:Revealed in Medina (1-2 AH) establishing the Friday (Jumu'ah) prayer as the weekly congregational obligation. The surah was revealed when the Prophet first established the Jumu'ah prayer in Medina, replacing the Friday gatherings of the Jews and the market day of the Quraysh. The hypocrites who would leave the mosque for trade are admonished. Revealed in Medina permitting the Believers to spread out on earth and seek Allah's bounty after the Friday prayer is concluded, and to remember Allah much. This balances the command to attend Jumu'ah with the permission to resume worldly affairs afterward, teaching that worship and work are compatible.]

— Choose which surahs to recite after Al-Fatiha.

— Whether to pray at the beginning or later within the time window.

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The Five Obligatory Prayers

✅ What to Do

🚫 What Not to Do

⭐ As You Wish

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